MICROBIOLOGICAL ANALYSIS OF THE MAIN TYPES OF STAPHYLOCOCCI THAT ARE IMPORTANT FOR THEIR DISTRIBUTION AND MEDICAL PRACTICE
Keywords:
Microscopic organisms, Staphylococcus aureus, coagulase-negative staphylococciAbstract
The microscopic organisms are a driving cause of nourishment harming, coming about from the utilization of nourishment sullied with enterotoxins. Staphylococcal nourishment inebriation includes fast onset of sickness, spewing, stomach torment, issues, and loose bowels. Side effects as a rule resolve after 24 hours. Creature chomps can result in nearby contaminations, cellulitis, erythema, delicacy, mellow fever, adenopathy, and lymphangitis (seldom). Burnt skin disorder is caused by exfoliative poisons emitted on the epidermis and for the most part influences neonates and youthful children. Other skin conditions caused by Staphylococcal exfoliative poisons incorporate rankles, skin misfortune, pimples, furuncles, impetigo, folliculitis, abscesses, destitute temperature control, liquid misfortune, and auxiliary disease. S. aureus can moreover cause necrotizing fasciitis in immunocompromised people, in spite of the fact that typically exceptionally uncommon. Necrotizing fasciitis is life-threatening and causes serious dreariness. Staphylococcus aureus is an astute pathogen that can cause a assortment of self-limiting to life-threatening illnesses in people. Staphylococcus aureus could be a common pathogen causing both healing center and community-acquired contaminations. Hemolysin is one of the critical harmfulness components for S. aureus and causes the normal β-hemolytic phenotype which is called total hemolytic phenotype as well. As of late, S. aureus with an fragmented hemolytic phenotype (SIHP) was disconnected from clinical tests. To ponder the microbiologic characteristics of SIHP, the extraordinary hemolytic phenotype of SIHP was confirmed on the sheep blood agar plates provided by distinctive producers. Species recognizable proof and demonstrative issues challenging for diagnosticians are displayed. Concluding comments with respect to the nearness of CoNS in people and their dissemination, especially beneath the impact of encouraging variables, are specified.
References
1. Zhang H, Zheng Y, Gao H, Xu P, Wang M, Li A, Miao M, Xie X, Deng Y, Zhou H, Du H. Identification and Characterization of Staphylococcus aureus Strains with an Incomplete Hemolytic Phenotype. Front Cell Infect Microbiol. 2016 Nov 18;6:146. doi: 10.3389/fcimb.2016.00146.
2. Changchien C. H., Chen S. W., Chen Y. Y., Chu C. (2016). Antibiotic susceptibility and genomic variations in Staphylococcus aureus associated with Skin and Soft Tissue Infection (SSTI) disease groups. BMC Infect Dis. 16:276. 10.1186/s12879-016-1630-z
3. Otto M. (2014). Staphylococcus aureus toxins. Curr. Opin. Microbiol. 17, 32–37. 10.1016/j.mib.2013.11.004
4. Abdullaevna, K. K., qizi, N. M. T., Farkhodovich, A. D., Furkatovich, R. S., & ugli, B. K. S. (2024). Analysis of the Importance of Microbiota in the Human Body in the Formation of Immunity or Immune Reactions. American Journal of Bioscience and Clinical Integrity, 1(11), 109–115. Retrieved from https://biojournals.us/index.php/AJBCI/article/view/317
5. Shoymardonovna, G. D., qizi, I. A. A., qizi, I. K. O., & qizi , Q. M. Z. (2024). Analysis of Methods for Detecting Bacteria and Fungi in Various Pathologies or Growing Environments and Their Differentiation by Main Functions. American Journal of Bioscience and Clinical Integrity, 1(11), 123–129. Retrieved from https://biojournals.us/index.php/AJBCI/article/view/319
6. Lowy F. D. (1998). Staphylococcus aureus infections. N. Engl. J. Med. 339, 520–532. 10.1056/NEJM199808203390806
7. Löffler B., Hussain M., Grundmeier M., Brück M., Holzinger D., Varga G., et al. (2010). Staphylococcus aureus panton-valentine leukocidin is a very potent cytotoxic factor for human neutrophils. PLoS Pathog. 6:e1000715. 10.1371/journal.ppat.1000715
8. Shaydullaevna , M. F., qizi , I. A. A., qizi, Q. M. Z., & qizi , S. S. E. (2024). The Serious Danger of Viral Infections to Health and the Health Care System and the Urgency of Combating Them. American Journal of Bioscience and Clinical Integrity, 1(11), 116–122. Retrieved from https://biojournals.us/index.php/AJBCI/article/view/318
9. Howden, B.P., Giulieri, S.G., Wong Fok Lung, T. et al. Staphylococcus aureus host interactions and adaptation. Nat Rev Microbiol 21, 380–395 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41579-023-00852-y
10. Course of Diseases. American Journal of Bioscience and Clinical Integrity, 1(10), 133–138. Retrieved from https://biojournals.us/index.php/AJBCI/article/view/246
11. Aliyev, S. R., & Аbdullayev U. M. (2024). Expression of Circulating Microrna-199a and Microrna-155 in Chronic Viral Hepatitis B and Chronic Viral Hepatitis C. International Journal of Integrative and Modern Medicine, 2(10), 119–123. Retrieved from https://medicaljournals.eu/index.php/IJIMM/article/view/1047
12. Nuruzova, Z. A., O‘rinbaeva, Z. N., & Ergashev, O. I. (2024). Study the Effect of the Combination of Flavonoids of the Crocus Sativus Plant on Opportunistic Intestinal Microorganisms Against the Background of Acute Toxic Hepatitis Caused in Mice Under Study Conditions. International Journal of Integrative and Modern Medicine, 2(10), 113–118. Retrieved from https://medicaljournals.eu/index.php/IJIMM/article/view/1046
13. Foster T. Staphylococcus. In: Baron S, editor. Medical Microbiology. 4th edition. Galveston (TX): University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston; 1996. Chapter 12. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK8448/
14. Mamatmusaeva , F. ., Raimkulova , D. ., Gulmurotova, D. ., & Ermatov, B. . (2024). Analysis of the prevalence and risk factors of infectious diseases in pediatric practice. Евразийский журнал медицинских и естественных наук, 4(6), 124–129. извлечено от https://in-academy.uz/index.php/EJMNS/article/view/34058 DOI: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12197569
15. Moʻminova Madinakhon Abdulkhaq qizi. (2024). The Incidence of Nosocomial Infections and Their Role in the Course of Chronic Diseases. American Journal of Pediatric Medicine and Health Sciences (2993-2149), 2(5), 49–52. Retrieved from https://grnjournal.us/index.php/AJPMHS/article/view/4714
16. Rustamzhanovna, R. N., Shotursunovna, B. R., & Baratovna, Z. Z. (2024). Nosocomial Infections, Their Complications and the Relevance of Combating Them. American Journal of Pediatric Medicine and Health Sciences (2993-2149), 2(3), 336–342. Retrieved from https://grnjournal.us/index.php/AJPMHS/article/view/3952
17. Linz MS, Mattappallil A, Finkel D, Parker D. Clinical Impact of Staphylococcus aureus Skin and Soft Tissue Infections. Antibiotics. 2023; 12(3):557. https://doi.org/10.3390/antibiotics12030557
18. Krismer, B., Weidenmaier, C., Zipperer, A. & Peschel, A. The commensal lifestyle of Staphylococcus aureus and its interactions with the nasal microbiota. Nat. Rev. Microbiol. 15, 675–687 (2017).
19. Spaan, A. N., van Strijp, J. A. G. & Torres, V. J. Leukocidins: staphylococcal bi-component pore-forming toxins find their receptors. Nat. Rev. Microbiol. 15, 435–447 (2017).
20. V. O.Masharipov, U.M. Abdullaev, F.R. Boltaev. Diseases caused by infections caused by various viruses and the importance of their risk factors in modern medicine. Journal of Healthcare and Life-Science ResearchVol. 3, No. 03, 2024. 62-70. https://jhlsr.innovascience.uz/index.php/jhlsr/article/view/462
21. Kushnazarova, N. ., Li , L. ., Ishmurodov, M. ., Mirzaeva , R. ., & Xakimova , M. . (2024). Uzoq muddatli antibiotikoterapiyaning ichak bakteriyalari guruhiga ta’sirini tahliliy baholash. Евразийский журнал медицинских и естественных наук, 4(3), 272–278. извлечено от https://in-academy.uz/index.php/EJMNS/article/view/29377 DOI: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10902890
22. V. O‘. Masharipov, U. M. Abdullaev, F. R. Boltaev. The role and risk factors of infection caused by various iruses in the practice of gynecology. European journal of modern medicine and practice Vol. 4 No. 3 (Mar - 2024). 42-49. https://inovatus.es/index.php/ejmmp
23. N. G. Gulyamov, G. Kh. Razhabov, N. N. Bakhramova, R. A. Abidova, & O. I. Ergashov. (2023). Evolution of the Development of Typhoid Vaccines in Medical Practice. Procedia on Economic Scientific Research, 9, 35–42. Retrieved from https://procedia.online/index.php/economic/article/view/1280
24. N.N. Bakhramova, R.A. Abidova, Kh.I. Ergasheva, & R.U. Mirzaeva. (2024). The importance of vaccination in achieving a positive trend in the prevention and treatment of paratyphs in the practice of infectious diseases. Journal of universal science research, 1(12), 819–827. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10457639
25. N. G. Gulyamov, G. Kh. Razhabov, N. N. Bakhramova, R. A. Abidova, O. I. Ergashov. Evolution of the Development of Typhoid Vaccines in Medical Practice. Procedia on Economic Scientific Research. Procedia on Digital Economics and Financial Research. Volume 15. 2024. 35-42. https://procedia.online/index.php/economic
26. Chen Q., Hou T., Wu X., Luo F., Xie Z., Xu J. (2016). Knockdown of TNFR1 suppresses expression of TLR2 in the cellular response to Staphylococcus aureus infection. Inflammation 39, 798–806. 10.1007/s10753-016-0308-4
27. Nargiza Rustamzhanovna Rakhimova, Valizhon Oʻrinovich Masharipov, Raʼno Shokhtursinovna Boltaeva. Conducting a literature analysis of antibacterial properties of oxadiazole derivatives. Procedia of Theoretical and Applied Sciences. Volume 15 | Jan 2024. 59-66.http://procedia.online/index.php/applied/index
28. Kosecka-Strojek M, Sabat AJ, Akkerboom V, Becker K, van Zanten E, et al. Development and validation of a reference data set for assigning staphylococcus species based on next-generation sequencing of the 16S-23S rRNA region. Front Cell Infect Microbiol. 2019;9:278. https://doi.org/10.3389/fcimb.2019.00278.
29. Ayeni FA, Andersen C, Nørskov-Lauritsen N. Comparison of growth on mannitol salt agar, matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization timeof-flight mass spectrometry, VITEK 2 with partial sequencing of 16S rRNA gene for identification of coagulase-negative staphylococci. Microb Pathog. 2017;105:255–9. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.micpath.2017.02.034.
30. Masharipov Valizhon Oʻrinovich, Boltaeva Raʼno Shokhtursinovna, & Rakhimova Nargiza Rustamdzhanovna. (2023). The importance of improving the disturbed intestinal microflora in the prognosis of nonsteroidal ulcerative colitis. European journal of modern medicine and practice, 3(11), 81–86. Retrieved from https://inovatus.es/index.php/ejmmp/article/view/2077
31. V. U. Masharipov, N. A. Srimbetova, & F. R. Boltaev. (2023). The role of intestinal microflora in the occurrence and treatment of irritable bowel syndrome. European journal of modern medicine and practice, 3(11), 72–80. Retrieved from https://inovatus.es/index.php/ejmmp/article/view/2076
32. Kosecka-Strojek M, Ilczyszyn WM, Buda A, Polakowska K, Murzyn K, et al. Multiple-locus variable-number tandem repeat fingerprinting as a method for rapid and cost-effective typing of animal-associated Staphylococcus aureus strains from lineages other than sequence type 398. J Med Microbiol. 2016;65(12):1494–504. https://doi.org/10.1099/jmm.0.000378.
33. Fayzullaeva Zamira Raxmatovna. Homiladorlik davrida mikrofloraning oʻzgarishi va uni yaxshilashning ahamiyati. CentraL asian journal of academic research. Volume 1, Issue 2, November2023. 5-10. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10208505
34. Becker K, Harmsen D, Mellmann A, Meier C, Schumann P, Peters G, et al. Development and evaluation of a qualitycontrolled ribosomal sequence database for 16S ribosomal DNA-based identification of Staphylococcus species. J Clin Microbiol. 2004;42:4988–95. https://doi.org/10.1128/JCM.42.11.4988-4995.2004.
35. Bakhramova, N. N. (2023). Determination of the Immunostimulating Activity of a Biologically Active Compound under Experimental Conditions. Journal of Nursing Research,Patient Safety and Practise, 3(04), 17–22. https://doi.org/10.55529/jnrpsp.34.17.22
36. Эргашева Х.И., Юнусходжаев П.Ю., Максудова Г.А. Қандли диабет билан оғриган беморларда оғиз бўшлиғи микрофлораси ўзгаришининг аҳамияти ва уни яхшилашнинг долзарблиги. Journal of universal science research. 2023. 90-101.
37. LisowskaŁysiak K, Kosecka-Strojek M, Białecka J, Kasprowicz A, Garbacz K, et al. New insight into genotypic and phenotypic relatedness of Staphylococcus aureus strains from human infections or animal reservoirs. Pol J Microbiol. 2019;68(1):93–104. https://doi.org/10.21307/pjm-2019-011.
38. Бахрамова Н.Н., Абидова Р.М., Эргашов О.И., Боймуродов Б.Т. и Каландарова Ф.С. (2023). Оценка антибактериальной и противогрибковой активности биологически активного вещества, приготовленного из местных растительных экстрактов. Американский журнал инноваций в сельском хозяйстве и садоводстве, 3(04), 29-36. https://doi.org/10.37547/ajahi/Volume03Issue04-06
39. Ilhomovich, E. O. . ., Sobirjonovich, A. S. ., & Raxatovna , A. G. (2022). Talabalar og’iz boshlig’i gigienasida tish pastasi va cho’tkasining patogen bakteriyalarga ta’siri. Innovative Society: Problems, Analysis and Development Prospects (Spain), 79–81. Retrieved from https://www.openconference.us/index.php/ISPADP/article/view/160
40. Catherine Liu, Arnold Bayer, Sara E. Cosgrove, Robert S. Daum, Scott K. Fridkin, Rachel J. Gorwitz, Sheldon L. Kaplan, Adolf W. Karchmer, Donald P. Levine, Barbara E. Murray, Michael J. Rybak, David A. Talan, Henry F. Chambers, Clinical Practice Guidelines by the Infectious Diseases Society of America for the Treatment of Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Infections in Adults and Children, Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 52, Issue 3, 1 February 2011, Pages e18–e55, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciq146
41. Ozodjon Ilkhomovich Ergashov. (2023). The Importance of Plant Extract in Improving the Microflora of the Gastrointestinal Tract in the Treatment of Diseases of the Stomach and Duodenum. Journal Healthcare Treatment Development(JHTD) ISSN : 2799-1148, 3(05), 12–18. https://doi.org/10.55529/jhtd.35.12.18
42. Aqib, A. I., Ijaz, M., Farooqi, S. H., Ahmed, R., Shoaib, M., Ali, M. M., et al. (2018b). Emerging discrepancies in conventional and molecular epidemiology of methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus isolated from bovine milk. Microb. Pathog. 116, 38–43. doi: 10.1016/j.micpath.2018.01.005
43. Awad, M., Yosri, M., Abdel-Aziz, M. M., Younis, A. M., and Sidkey, N. M. (2021). Assessment of the antibacterial potential of biosynthesized silver nanoparticles combined with vancomycin against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus–induced infection in rats. Biol. Trace Elem. Res. 199, 4225–4236. doi: 10.1007/s12011-020-02561-6
44. Aliev Shavkat Rozimatovich. (2023). Prospects for Improving the Microflora in Diseases of the Urinary Tract Encountered in Gynecological Practice. Journal Healthcare Treatment Development(JHTD) ISSN : 2799-1148, 3(05), 7–11. https://doi.org/10.55529/jhtd.35.7.11
45. qizi, M. M. A., qizi, K. M. K., & ugli, N. U. U. (2024). Epidemiology, Risk Factors and Measures to Combat Diseases Caused by Klebsiella Bacteria. American Journal of Bioscience and Clinical Integrity, 1(11), 102–108. Retrieved from https://biojournals.us/index.php/AJBCI/article/view/316
46. Gudiol, F., Aguado, J. M., Almirante, B., Bouza, E., Cercenado, E., and Domínguez, M. Á, et al. (2015). Executive summary of the diagnosis and treatment of bacteremia and endocarditis due to Staphylococcus aureus. A clinical guideline from the Spanish society of clinical microbiology and infectious diseases (SEIMC). Enferm. Infecc. Microbiol. Clin. 33, 626–632.
