Uncovering Risks: A Breast Cancer Study at Al-Yarmouk Teaching Hospital

Abstract

Background: Breast cancer is the single largest cause of death among women. According to World Health Organization (WHO) estimate, about 1.2 million people are diagnosed with breast cancer every year worldwide, the chances of breast cancer increase with age. The reasons for varying incidence of breast cancer among women like in India are not fully understood, which are likely to be explained by reproductive and lifestyle factors such as literacy, diet, age at menarche and menopause, age at first delivery, abortion, family history of breast cancer. Aim of study: To assess the risk factors of breast cancer and the significance of these risk factors in the development of the disease and their relation with receptor status and histopathology. Patients and methods: A prospective study done in AL-Yarmouk teaching hospital from first of January 2023 to 31 of January 2024, over this period 40 patients diagnosed as breast cancer, The records were assessed for age, occupation, BMI, oral contraceptive use, smoking, exposure to radiation, menarche, menopause, marital status, parity, lactation, and family history, patients diagnosed according to fine needle aspiration, biopsy, ultrasound and mammogram. Result: A total 66 patients arrived to AL-Yarmouk teaching hospital diagnosed as breast cancer, mean age was (49.97) years old, the youngest age recorded was 14 years old, the oldest age recorded was 76 years old, 53 patients (80.30%) were, most of patients were above acceptable range of BMI 42 patients (63.64%) and 24 patients (36.36%) within acceptable body weight, 8 patients(12.12%) were smoker, 29 patients (43.94%) had history of use of oral contraceptive pills, 7patients (10.61%) with history of exposure to radiation, most of patients have normal age of menarche 58 patients (87.88%), 15 patients (45.45%) had normal age of menopause, majority of patients were married 60 patients (90.91%), 58 patients (96.67%) were multiparous, most of patients have had history of lactation 47 patients (81.03%) and 18 patients (27.27%) had positive family history. Conclusion: the analysis of variables we used revealed a compatible relation between these risk factors and development of breast cancer. The relation between these risk factors and hormonal receptor status and histopathology were significant. The highly percussive finding was that the higher the body weights the higher the risk of development of breast cancer.