"Hypothyroidism: how to recognize and treat?"
Keywords:
hypothyroidism, hormones, thyroid glandAbstract
Hypothyroidism is a common thyroid hormone deficiency condition that is easily diagnosed and treatable, but in severe cases can be fatal if left untreated. The definition of hypothyroidism is based on statistical reference ranges of relevant biochemical parameters and is increasingly a subject of debate. The clinical manifestations of hypothyroidism range from life-threatening to no signs or symptoms. The most common symptoms in adults are fatigue, lethargy, cold intolerance, weight gain, constipation, voice change, and dry skin, but clinical manifestations may vary with age and gender, as well as other factors. The standard treatment is thyroid hormone replacement therapy with levothyroxine. However, a significant proportion of patients who achieve biochemical treatment targets have persistent complaints. In this seminar, we will discuss the epidemiology, causes, and symptoms of hypothyroidism; We summarize the evidence on diagnosis, long-term risk, treatment, and management; and highlight future research directions.
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