THE MOST IMPORTANT INDICATORS OF OMEGA 3 SUBSTANCE IN THE METABOLISM OF THE HUMAN BODY

Abstract

Omega-3 is a group of unsaturated fatty acids found in large quantities contained in fish oil and flax seeds. They have many useful properties for the body. In particular, their influence in improving brain activity, cardiovascular system, gastrointestinal tract. In Literary sources also contain evidence that they strengthen the immune system system of the body, reduce cholesterol levels and have an effective anti-inflammatory effect. This article discusses the features the course of biochemical processes during inflammation, as well as the influence of omega-3 fatty acids on these processes. Alterations on the immune system caused by omega-3 fatty acids have been described for 30 years. This family of polyunsaturated fatty acids exerts major alterations on the activation of cells from both the innate and the adaptive immune system, although the mechanisms for such regulation are diverse. First, as a constitutive part of the cellular membrane, omega-3 fatty acids can regulate cellular membrane properties, such as membrane fluidity or complex assembly in lipid rafts. In recent years, however, a new role for omega-3 fatty acids and their derivatives as signaling molecules has emerged. In this review, we describe the latest findings describing the effects of omega-3 fatty acids on different cells from the immune system and their possible molecular mechanisms. Omega-3 PUFAs are used in the treatment of inflammatory and dystrophic diseases of the joints -rheumatoid arthritis, osteoarthritis, reactive arthritis, etc. Omega-3 PUFAs are included in the composition antirheumatic therapy in addition or in combination with other antirheumatic drugs. Omega-3 PUFAs suppress the secretion of aldosterone. This effect may be associated with a change in the intracellular transduction signal, a change in the degree blood plasma viscosity or influence on the activity of angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE). Recall that ACE is the enzyme responsible for conversion of angiotensin I to angiotensin II. One of the effects of angiotensin II is an increase in blood pressure. ACE inhibition leads to a reduction in the production of angiotensin II, vasodilation and decreased aldosterone secretion. Moreover, in one animal studies have shown that ω-3 PUFA contributed to an increase in nitric oxide production (NO) endothelium, which also promotes expansion vessels. One of the most effective treatments for coronary heart disease (CHD) is surgical myocardial revascularization. Meanwhile, this operation does not cure the patient. The very fact of performing coronary bypass surgery (CS) reflects the presence of severe and often widespread atherosclerosis. Surgical myocardial revascularization is associated with the risk of both surgical and postoperative complications. Hospital postoperative period is often complicated by neurological disorders, postpericardiotomy syndrome, atrial fibrillation (AF).