THE ROLE OF BACTERIA IN HUMAN HEALTH AND DISEASE: FRIEND OR FOE
Abstract
Human beings are complex, multicellular organisms that cooperate with trillions of microbial symbionts, accounting for almost 90% of the total number of cells. These symbiotic microorganisms, mainly bacteria, fungi, viruses, and archaea, inhabit different human body sites, including the gut, skin, oral cavity, respiratory tract, and urogenital tract. In recent decades, advances in DNA sequencing technologies have revealed the human microbiome's elaborate structure and its eventual impact on human health and disease. The role of bacteria in human health and disease may be curious. The emergence of antibiotics and bacteriophages highlights the pathogenic role of bacteria, which infect various human tissues, destroy host cells, and spread systemic infection. A growing body of evidence demonstrates that commensal bacteria promote tissue homeostasis in various organs of model animals. These findings in animals with a simple microbiome necessitate elucidating the effects of the microbiome's complexity arising from food intake, environment, and lifestyle, especially in social animals, including humans. Unfortunately, a significant gap remains in understanding the overall role of bacteria (both commensal and pathogenic) in human health and disease in association with bacterial cohabitation and competition. [1][2]
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