MODERN ASPECTS OF ETIOLOGY, DIAGNOSIS, AND TREATMENT OF POLYCYSTIC OVARIAN SYNDROME

Abstract

Polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) is one of the most common gynecological disorders, which affects 5-20 % of young women all over the world in different ethnic groups and races, and is a frequent cause of infertility, a miscarriage, complicated pregnancy and childbirth. PCOS is a polysymptomatic disease characterized by hyperandrogenism, menstrual dysfunction and multifollicular structure of the ovaries with ultrasound examination. The main manifestations of PCOS lie in the basis of NIH and Rotterdam diagnostic criteria. There are several different phenotypes of polycystic ovary syndrome in accordance with these criteria.

At the same time, PCOS is a metabolic disorder, and the role of insulin resistance has been proven in development of this condition. In consequence of which pathogenesis, diagnosis and treatment are of interest not only for gynecologists, but also for endocrinologists, cardiologists, and others clinicians, as PCOS is a serious problem associated with obesity, increased risks of endometrial adenocarcinoma, hypertension and cardiovascular complications, type 2 diabetes and etc. Moreover, economic costs are billions of dollars ayear around the world for the treatment of complications of PCOS. To date, many researchers have been studying the formation of PCOS, and our article discusses the theories explaining pathogenesis and etiology of this disease, clinical manifestations and current approaches to diagnosis of PCOS.