The Influence of Family on the Development of the Personality of a Child with Intellectual Disabilities
Keywords:
Intellectual Disability, Family Dynamics, Parental Coping Mechanisms, Personality DevelopmentAbstract
This article examines the complex impact of family dynamics on the personality development of children with intellectual disability (ID). Current study emphasises the considerable psychological distress faced by families, frequently resulting in isolation and insufficient support systems. Nonetheless, a deficiency persists in comprehending the intricate effects of various parental coping strategies on a child's development. This qualitative study examined data from interviews with families of children with intellectual disabilities, classifying parental reactions into three profiles according to Tkacheva’s (1999) typology: Authoritarian, Neurotic, and Psychosomatic. The study of data concentrated on discerning relationships between parental coping mechanisms and the personality development of the child. Research indicates that authoritarian parents, although they may offer structure, might unintentionally impede a child's self-esteem and autonomy. Neurotic parents, encumbered by fear and powerlessness, may unintentionally restrict their child's chances. Psychosomatic parents, despite appearing composed, may endure internalised stress that impairs their capacity to offer consistent and supportive care. The research illustrates a distinct correlation between parental coping mechanisms and child development. The frequency of psychosomatic responses highlights the essential requirement for comprehensive support systems that cater to the emotional and psychological welfare of parents. Practical implications encompass focused measures aimed at enhancing parental empowerment, managing stress, and facilitating access to effective support groups. Future research ought to investigate longitudinal studies to monitor the enduring effects of these dynamic relationships.
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