EXPLORING AMELOBLASTOMA: COMPREHENSIVE INSIGHTS INTO ITS CLINICAL, MOLECULAR, AND TREATMENT DIMENSIONS

Abstract

Ameloblastoma is uncommon but locally aggressive benign odontogenic tumor and most commonly occurs in the mandible, more often near the molar regions. Evaluate ameloblastoma behavior, molecular traits, and treatment efficacy to improve outcomes and reduce recurrence. With a high recurrence rate after surgery, the tumor poses a clinical management challenge secondary to its tendency for local invasiveness. Here we provide a thorough review of the tumor from its first description in 19th century up to current knowledge regarding pathologic and clinical behavior. It also discusses the tumor classification, epidemiology, etiology and pathogenesis as well as clinical features of RASs with an emphasis laid on genetic and molecular frame works responsible for their aggressive nature. At present, treatment strategies are based on complete surgical resection with safety margins to prevent recurrences and new perspectives for management come from the molecular targeted therapies that have been discovered. The research on ameloblastoma, a rare odontogenic neoplasm though highly invasive tumor also provides an understanding of the clinical behavior and molecular pathogenesis. Deemed benign it is of significant importance as there are high rates of recurrence and the potential to cause anatomical disruption. Surgery is at present the chief modality of treatment available but novel approaches in molecular biology and targeted therapy provide hope for future therapies which are anticipated to help improve outcomes while negating lofty surgical demands.