CANDIDIASIS INFECTIONS, CURRENT CHALLENGES, PROGRESS IN PREVENTION AND TREATMENT
Abstract
Candida, yeast like fungus, is common organism present in the reproductive and gastrointestinal mucosa and can be isolated from the oral cavity and hence up 80% of healthy population is found to be prone to the most common fungal infection such as candidiasis.
Candida species produce infection that range from non-life threatening mucocutaneous illnesses to invasive conditions. Candida albicans and other species such Candida glabrata, Candida krusei and etc. represents an important source of systemic infection worldwide. These organisms are the most common cause of superficial vaginal or mucosal oral infections and may also under propitious conditions, enter the bloodstream leading to deep tissue infection.
The etiological and biochemical characteristic of Candida albicans make it biologically microbe, it’s pathological potential make it medically important microorganism
Oral Candidiasis is on opportunistic infection of the oral cavity. It’s common and under diagnosed among elderly, particularly in this wear dentures. Oral Candidiasis caused by an overgrowth or infection of oral cavity by yeast like fungus, candida. These infections ranging from oral thrush and vaginitis to deep systemic. Systemic infections are commonly referred to as Candidemia and one of prominent co infection in immune compromised patients such those suffering from cancer, HIV etc. with use of powerful antibiotics and immune suppressive therapies during organ transplant or anti leukemia therapies.
Therefore, to prevent and treat oral candidiasis(fungi), you must adhere to oral hygiene, stay away from Fitted dentures and treat hypo-salivation etc. There is large variety of medication like Topical antifungal Therapy include Nystatin, widely used ,liquid creams and pastilles , Clotrimazole is an alternative to nystatin that us especially useful in angular cheilitis and Miconazole, antifungal can be used both topically and systemically , while Systemic anti-fungal Therapy is preferred in severely immune compromised patients, and treatment usually by a physician like Fluconazole, the preferred agent, observed in gastrointestinal tract and taken orally with good effect . Diagnosis of oral Candidiasis can be done by microscopic examination and /or biopsy also fungal culture.
The review provides for an overview on, candida, predisposing factors, preventing, diagnoses and treatment of oral Candidiasis, highlighting alternative approaches for Candidiasis treatment.
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