COPPER DETERMINATION REVIEW

Abstract

Parkinson’s disease (PD) is an advancing neurodegenerative condition characterized by the deterioration of dopaminergic neurons within the substantia nigra of the brain, resulting in a range of motor and non-motor symptoms that worsen gradually over time. The hallmark Tremors, rigidity, bradykinesia, and postural instability are among the motor symptoms, while cognitive impairment, mood disturbances, autonomic dysfunction, and sleep disturbances are considered non-motor symptoms.The diagnosis of PD relies on clinical assessment, often involving a thorough medical history, neurological examination, and supportive diagnostic tests such as neuroimaging. Despite ongoing research efforts, a definitive cure for PD remains elusive, and present interventions prioritize symptom management and enhancing quality of life."