AN APPROACH AND OVERVIEW OF PHARMACOTHERAPY FOR RENAL CONDITIONS

Abstract

Treatment and management of kidney disease are presently putting a significant strain on the world community. The renal glomerulus, which filters blood and metabolic waste into urine, makes the kidneys the most vital organs in the human urinary system. The glomerular filtration mechanism functions as a barrier to medicinal drugs based on charge and/or molecular size. For this reason, it is difficult to distribute drugs to the kidneys, which leads to treatment failure in a number of renal diseases. Therefore, many strategies to enhance medication delivery over the glomerulus filtration barrier are being researched. From disease prevention to diagnosis and treatment, nanotechnology in medicine has the potential to significantly affect human health. Renal treatment has shown promise for nanomaterials with a range of physicochemical features, such as size, charge, surface, and shape, as well as unique biological characteristics, such high cellular internalization, low cytotoxicity, and adjustable biodistribution and pharmacokinetics. Various kinds of nanosystems have been used to provide medications to the kidneys. This study focuses on the capabilities of nanomaterials, such as hydrogels and nanoparticles, in overcoming several obstacles to medication delivery to the kidneys. Kidney-targeted medication delivery systems' most popular distribution routes and tactics are also covered.